Mechanisms of Social Movement Market Innovation: The Birth of the American Abortion Clinic

Abstract

Amenta, E., N. Caren, E. Chiarello, and Y. Su (2010), “The Political Consequences of Social Movements,” Annual Review of Sociology, 36: 287–307.

Andrews, K.T. (2001), “Social Movements and Policy Implementation: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement and the War on Poverty, 1965 to 1971,” American Sociological Review, 66(1): 71–95.

Andrews, K.T., and B. Edwards (2004), “Advocacy Organizations in the U.S. Political Process,” Annual Review of Sociology, 30: 479–506.

Augustine, G.L., and A. Piazza (2021), “Category Evolution Under Conditions of Stigma: The Segregation of Abortion Provision into Specialist Clinics in the United States,” Organization Science.

Balsiger, P. (2016), “Tactical Competition and Movement Outcomes on Markets: The Rise of Ethical Fashion,” in L. Bosi, M. Giugni, K. Uba (eds.), The Consequences of Social Movements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bartley, T. (2003), “Certifying Forests and Factories: States, Social Movements, and the Rise of Private Regulation in the Apparel and Forest Products Fields,” Politics & Society, 31(3): 433–464.

Bartley, T. (2007), “Institutional Emergence in an Era of Globalization: The Rise of Transnational Private Regulation of Labor and Environmental Conditions,” American Journal of Sociology, 113(2): 297–351.

Beach, D., and R.B. Pedersen (2013), Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Bosi, L., M. Giugni, and K. Uba (eds. 2016), The Consequences of Social Movements, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bosi, L., and L. Zamponi (2015), “Direct Social Actions and Economic Crises: The Relationship between Forms of Action and Socio-Economic Context in Italy,” Partecipazione e Conflitto, 8(2): 367–391.

“Brief of Amici for the American College of Obstetricians et al.” (1973), Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179.

“Brief of Amicus for Planned Parenthood Federation of America” (1973), Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113.

“Brief for Appellants,” (1973) Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179.

Buchter, L. (2021), “Escaping the Ellipsis of Diversity: Insider Activists’ Use of Implementation Resources to Influence Organization Policy,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 66(2): 521–565.

Burns, G. (2005), The Moral Veto: Framing Contraception, Abortion, and Cultural Pluralism in the United States, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Campbell, J.L. (2005), “Where Do We Stand?: Common Mechanisms in Organizations and Social Movements Research,” in D. McAdam, G.F.

Davis, M.N. Zald, W.R. Scott (eds.), Social Movements and Organization Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 41–68.

Capoccia, G., and R.D. Kelemen (2007), “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism,” World Politics, 59(3): 341–369.

Carmen, A., and H. Moody (1973), Abortion Counseling and Social Change from Illegal Act to Medical Practice: The Story of the Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion, Valley Forge: Judson Press.

Chiarello, E. (2013), “Contextualizing Consequences: A Socio-Legal Approach to Social Movement Outcomes in Professional Fields,” Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 18(4): 429–451.

Clemens, E.S. (1997), The People’s Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Clemente, M., R. Durand, and T. Roulet (2017), “The Recursive Nature of Institutional Change: An Annales School Perspective,” Journal of Management Inquiry, 26(1): 17–31.

Davis, G.F., D. McAdam, W.R. Scott, and M.N. Zald (2005), Social Movements and Organization Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Doe v. Bolton, (1973), 410 U.S. 179.

Dioun, C. (2017), “Making the Medical Marijuana Market,” in J. Beckert, M. Dewey (eds.), The Architecture of Illegal Markets: Towards an Economic Sociology of Illegality in the Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 159–176.

Dirks, D.A., and P.A. Relf (2017), To Offer Compassion: A History of the Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion [Kindle Edition], Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.

Dubuisson-Quellier, S. (2013), “A Market Mediation Strategy: How Social Movements Seek to Change Firms’ Practices by Promoting New Principles of Product Valuation,” Organization Studies, 34(5–6): 683–703.

Elster, J. (1989), Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences, Cambridge University Press.

Epstein, S. (1996), Impure Science: AIDS, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Freedman, L. (2010), Willing and Unable: Doctors’ Constraints in Abortion Care, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Freeman, J. (1973), “The Origins of the Women’s Liberation Movement,” American Journal of Sociology, 78(4): 792–811.

Garrow, D.J. (1994), Liberty and Sexuality: The Right to Privacy and the Making of Roe v. Wade, New York: Macmillan.

George, A.L., and A. Bennett (2005), Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Giugni, M., and M.T. Grasso (2018), “Economic Outcomes of Social Movements,” in D.A. Snow, S.A. Soule, H. Kriesi, H.J. McCammon (eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 466–481.

Giugni, M., D. McAdam, and C. Tilly (eds.1999), How Social Movements Matter, Minneapolis, Minn: University of Minnesota Press.

Goldsmith, S., L. Potts, L. Green, and R. Miller (1970), “Counseling and Referral for Legal Abortion in California’s Bay Area,” Family Planning Perspectives, 2(3): 14–19.

Goldstein, M.S. (1984), “Creating and Controlling a Medical Market: Abortion in Los Angeles after Liberalization,” Social Problems, 31(5): 514–529.

Graber, M.A. (1993), “The Ghost of Abortion Past: Pre-Roe Abortion Law in Action,” Virginia Journal of Social Policy & the Law, 1(2): 309–382.

Greve, H.R., J. Pozner, and H. Rao (2006), “Vox Populi: Resource Partitioning, Organizational Proliferation, and the Cultural Impact of the Insurgent Microradio Movement,” American Journal of Sociology, 112(3): 802–837.

Guttmacher Institute (1980), “Safe and Legal: 10 Years’ Experience with Legal Abortion in New York State,” New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute.

Guttmacher Institute (2008), “Trends in Abortion in the District of Columbia, 1973-2005,” Washington, DC: Alan Guttmacher Institute.

Hacker, J.S. (2002), The Divided Welfare State : The Battle over Public and Private Social Benefits in the United States, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Halfmann, D. (2011), Doctors and Demonstrators: How Political Institutions Shape Abortion Law in the United States, Britain, and Canada, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Halfmann, D. (2019), “Political Institutions and the Comparative Medicalization of Abortion,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 60(2): 138–152.

Hall, R.E. (1971), “Abortion: Physician and Hospital Attitudes,” American Journal of Public Health, 61(3): 517–519.

Harris, D., D. O’Hare, J. Pakter, and F.G. Nelson (1973), “Legal

Abortion 1970-1971—the New York City Experience.,” American

Journal of Public Health, 63(5): 409–418.

Harting, D., and H.J. Hunter (1971), “Abortion Techniques and Services: A Review and Critique,” American Journal of Public Health, 61(10): 2085–2105.

Hedstrom, P., and R. Swedberg (1998), Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Henshaw, S., and J. Van Vort (1992), Abortion Factbook 1992 Edition: Readings, Trends, and State and Local Data to 1988, New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute.

Hern, W.M. (1978), “The Concept of Quality Care in Abortion Services.,” Advances in planned parenthood, 13(3–4): 63–74.

Hess, D.J. (2007), Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry: Activism, Innovation, and the Environment in an Era of Globalization, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Hiatt, S.R., W.D. Sine, and P.S. Tolbert (2009), “From Pabst to Pepsi: The Deinstitutionalization of Social Practices and the Creation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities,” Administrative Science Quarterly,

(4): 635–667.

Hoffman, A.J. (1999), “Institutional Evolution and Change: Environmentalism and the U.S. Chemical Industry,” Academy of Management Journal, 42(4): 351–371.

Hole, J., and E. Levine (1973), Rebirth of Feminism, New York: Quadrangle Books.

Jasper, J.M. (2018), The Emotions of Protest, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Joffe, C. (1986), The Regulation of Sexuality: Experiences of Family Planning Workers, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Joffe, C. (1995), Doctors of Conscience: The Struggle to Provide Abortion: Before and After Roe v. Wade, Boston: Beacon Press.

Joffe, C. (2009), Dispatches from the Abortion Wars: The Costs of Fanaticism to Doctors, Patients and the Rest of Us, Boston: Beacon Press.

Joffe, C. (2012), “The Politicization of Abortion and the Evolution of Abortion Counseling,” American Journal of Public Health, 103(1): 57–65.

Joffe, C., T.A. Weitz, and C.L. Stacey (2004), “Uneasy Allies: Pro-Choice Physicians, Feminist Health Activists and the Struggle for Abortion Rights,” Sociology of Health and Illness, 26(6): 775–796.

Kaplan, L. (1997), The Story of Jane: The Legendary Underground Feminist Abortion Service, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Katznelson, I. (1997), “Reflections on History, Method, and Political Science,” Political Methodologist, 8(Fall): 11–14.

Kellogg, K.C. (2012), “Making the Cut: Using Status-Based Countertactics to Block Social Movement Implementation and Microinstitutional Change in Surgery,” Organization Science, 23(6): 1546–1570.

King, B.G. (2008), “A Political Mediation Model of Corporate Response to Social Movement Activism,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 53(3): 395–421.

King, B.G., and N.A. Pearce (2010), “The Contentiousness of Markets: Politics, Social Movements and Institutional Change in Markets,” Annual Review of Sociology, 36: 249–267.

King, G., R.O. Keohane, and S. Verba (1994), Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.

Kolb, F. (2007), Protest and Opportunities: The Political Outcomes of Social Movements, Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.

Kurland, N.B., and S.J. McCaffrey (2016), “Social Movement Organization Leaders and the Creation of Markets for ‘Local’ Goods,” Business & Society, 55(7): 1017–1058.

Lader, L. (1973), Abortion II: Making the Revolution, Boston: Beacon Press.

Langmyhr, G. (1971), “The Role of Planned Parenthood-World Population in Abortion: ,” Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 14(4): 1190–1196.

Lounsbury, M., M. Ventresca, and P.M. Hirsch (2003), “Social Movements, Field Frames and Industry Emergence: A Cultural–Political Perspective on US Recycling,” Socio-economic review, 1(1): 71–104.

Luker, K. (1984), Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood, Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.

Mahoney, J., and D. Rueschmeyer (eds. 2003), Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mahoney, J., and K. Thelen (eds. 2015), Advances in Comparative-Historical Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Margolis, A.J., and E.W. Overstreet (1970), “Legal Abortion Without Hospitalization,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 36(3): 479–481.

Mattoni, A. (2013), “Technology and Social Movements,” in Snow, D.A., D. Della Porta, P.G. Klandermans, and D. McAdam (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

McAdam, D., S. Tarrow, and C. Tilly (2001), Dynamics of Contention, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McInerney, P.-B. (2014), From Social Movement to Moral Market: How the Circuit Riders Sparked an IT Revolution and Created a Technology Market, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

Meyer, D.S., and D.C. Minkoff (2004), “Conceptualizing Political Opportunity,” Social Forces, 82(4): 1457–1492.

Miller, J. (1979), “Hospital Response to the Legalization of Abortion in New York State: An Analysis of Program Innovation,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 20: 363–375.

Moore, K. (2008), Disrupting Science: Social Movements, American Scientists, and the Politics of the Military, 1945-1975, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Murphy, M. (2012), Seizing the Means of Reproduction: Entanglements of Feminism, Health, and Technoscience, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Nathanson, B.N. (1972), “Ambulatory Abortion: Experience with 26,000 Cases (July 1, 1970, to August 1, 1971),” New England Journal of Medicine, 286(8): 403–407.

Nathanson, B.N., and R.N. Ostling (1979), Aborting America, Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

Neubardt, S., and H.M.M. Tovell (1972), “Should Abortions Be Performed in Doctors’ Offices?,” Family Planning Perspectives, 4(3): 4–8.

New York (State) and Division of Health Statistics (1990), Induced Abortions Recorded in New York State, 1979-1990, Albany, N.Y.: New York State Department of Health.

Nossiff, R. (2001), Before Roe: Abortion Policy in the States, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

“Oral argument,” (1973), Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179.

Pacheco, D.F., J.G. York, and T.J. Hargrave (2014), “The Coevolution of Industries, Social Movements, and Institutions: Wind Power in the United States,” Organization Science, 25(6): 1609–1632.

Pakter, J., and F. Nelson (1971), “Abortion in New York City: The First Nine Months,” Family Planning Perspectives, 3(3): 5–12.

Pakter, J., F. Nelson, and M. Svigir (1975), “Legal Abortion: A Half-Decade of Experience,” Family Planning Perspectives, 7(6): 248–255.

Petitti, D. (1977), Abortion in California: 1968-1976, Sacramento: California Department of Health Services.

Rao, H., C. Morrill, and M.N. Zald (2000), “Power Plays: How Social Movements and Collective Action Create New Organizational Forms,” Research in Organizational Behavior, 22: 237–281.

Reagan, L.J. (1997), When Abortion Was a Crime : Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Roe v. Wade, (1973), 410 U.S. 113

Rosenberg, G.N. (1995), “The Real World of Constitutional Rights: The Supreme Court and the Implementation of the Abortion Decisions,” in L. Epstein (ed.), Contemplating Courts, Washington, D.C.:

Congressional Quarterly Press, pp. 340–419.

Ruef, M. (2000), “The Emergence of Organizational Forms: A Community Ecology Approach,” American Journal of Sociology, 106(3): 658–714.

Schneiberg, M. (2002), “Organizational Heterogeneity and the Production of New Forms: Politics, Social Movements and Mutual Companies in American Fire Insurance, 1900–1930,” Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 19: 39–89.

Schneiberg, M., M. King, and T. Smith (2008), “Social Movements and Organizational Form: Cooperative Alternatives to Corporations in the American Insurance, Dairy, and Grain Industries,” American Sociological Review, 73(4): 635–667.

Schoen, J. (2015), Abortion After Roe, Charlotte: University of North Carolina Press.

Sine, W.D., and R.J. David (2003), “Environmental Jolts, Institutional Change, and the Creation of Entrepreneurial Opportunity in the US Electric Power Industry,” Research Policy, 32(2): 185–207.

Sine, W.D., and B.H. Lee (2009), “Tilting at Windmills? The Environmental Movement and the Emergence of the US Wind Energy Sector,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1): 123–155.

Smith, A. (2005), “The Alternative Technology Movement: An Analysis of Its Framing and Negotiation of Technology Development,” Human Ecology Review, 12(2): 106.

Smith, A., M. Fressoli, D. Abrol, E. Arond, and A. Ely (2016), Grassroots Innovation Movements, London: Routledge.

Staggenborg, S. (1991), The Pro-Choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict, New York: Oxford University Press.

Swaminathan, A., and J.B. Wade (1999), “Social Movement Theory and the Evolution of New Organizational Forms,” in Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 1999, pp. 1–16.

Thomann, E., P. Hupe, and F. Sager (2018), “Serving Many Masters: Public Accountability in Private Policy Implementation,” Governance, 31(2): 299–319.

Tietze, C. (1970), “United States: Therapeutic Abortions, 1963 to 1968,” Studies in Family Planning, 1(59): 5–7.

Tietze, C., and S. Lewit (1971), “Early Complications of Abortions under Medical Auspices: A Preliminary Report,” Studies in Family Planning, 2(7): 137–143.

Tietze, C., and S. Lewit (1972), “Joint Program for the Study of Abortion (JPSA): Early Medical Complications of Legal Abortion,” Studies in Family Planning, 3(6): 97–119.

Timmermans, S., and I. Tavory (2012), “Theory Construction in Qualitative Research: From Grounded Theory to Abductive Analysis,” Sociological Theory, 30(3): 167–186.

Toke, D. (2011), “Ecological Modernisation, Social Movements and Renewable Energy,” Environmental Politics, 20(1): 60–77.

Tunc, T. (2008), “Designs of Devices: The Vacuum Aspirator and American Abortion Technology,” Dynamis, 28: 353–376.

Weber, K., K.L. Heinze, and M. DeSoucey (2008), “Forage for Thought: Mobilizing Codes in the Movement for Grass-Fed Meat and Dairy Products,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 53(3): 529–567.

Wolfson, M. (2001), The Fight against Big Tobacco : The Movement, the State, and the Public’s Health, New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Ziegler, M. (2020), Abortion and the Law in America: Roe v. Wade to the Present, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.