A method to address the effectiveness of the SIC code for selecting comparable firms


Abstract


To find peer firms is very important in several situations, for example in equity valuation using multiples for publicly traded firms, as well as for not publicly traded ones. Very often the pay of CEOs is set at the basis of a peer compensation group. Financial policies are often driven by a response to peers. It is a very common approach to use industry membership given by the SIC code to form peer groups. In the paper the effectiveness of the SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) code for selecting comparable firms is evaluated through nonparametric testing for difference in firm financial ratios.

DOI Code: 10.1285/i20705948v6n2p186

Keywords: Multivariate Nonparametric Testing, Multiplicity Control, Comparable Firms, Financial Ratios.

References


bibitem{alf92}

Alford, A.W.: The effect of the set of comparable firms on the accuracy of the price-earnings valuation method. emph{J ACC RES}, {bf 30} 94--108 (1992)

bibitem{bar82}

Barnes, P.: Methodological implications of non-normally distributed financial ratios. emph{J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT}, {bf 9} 51–-62 (1982)

bibitem{ban04}

Bancel, F. and Mittoo, U.R.: Cross-country determinants of capital structure choice: a survey of European firms. emph{FINAN MANAGE}, {bf 33} 103-–132 (2004)

bibitem{bar87}

Barnes, P.: The analysis and use of financial ratios: a review article. emph{J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT}, {bf 14} 449-–461 (1987)

bibitem{bed85}

Bedingfield, J.P., Reckers, P.M.J. and Stagliano, A.J.: Distributions of financial ratios in the commercial banking industry. emph{J FINANC RES}, {bf 8} 77–-81 (1985)

bibitem{bir77}

Bird, R.G. and McHugh, A.J.: Financial ratios - an empirical study. emph{J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT}, {bf 4} 29--45 (1977)

bibitem{bla11}

Black, D., Dikolli, S. and hofmann, C.: Peer group composition, peer performance aggregation, and detecting relative performance evaluation. emph{Unpublished Manuscript} (2011)

bibitem{bho02}

Bhojraj, S. and Lee, C.M.C.: Who is my peer? A valuation-based approach to the selection of comparable firms. emph{J ACC RES}, {bf 40} 407--439 (2002)

bibitem{bou80}

Boughen, P.D. and Drury, J.C.: U.K. statistical distribution of financial ratios. emph{J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT}, {bf 7} 39--47 (1980)

bibitem{dam06}

Damodaran, A.: emph{Damodaran on valuation 2nd ed.}. Wiley, New York (2006)

bibitem{dea76}

Deakin E.B.: Distributions of financial accounting ratios: some empirical evidence. emph{ACCOUNT REV}, {bf 51} 90--96 (1976)

bibitem{ezz87}

Ezzamel, M., Mar-Molinero, C. and Beecher, A.: Distributions of financial accounting ratios: some empirical evidence. emph{J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT}, {bf 14} 463--482 (1987)

bibitem{fau10}

Faulkender, M. and Yang, J.: Inside the blackbox: the role and composition of compensation peer groups. emph{J FINAN ECON}, {bf 96} 257–-270 (2010)

bibitem{hal04}

Hall, G.C., Hutchinson, P.J. and Nicos, M.: Determinants of the capital structures of european SMEs. emph{J BUS FINAN ACCOUNT}, {bf 31} 711–-728 (2004)

bibitem{hen09}

Henschke, S. and Homburg, C.: Equity valuation using multiples: controlling for differences between firms. emph{Unpublished Manuscript} (2009)

bibitem{hor68}

Horrigan, J.O.: A short history of financial ratio analysis. emph{ACCOUNT REV}, {bf 43} 284--294 (1968)

bibitem{kim99}

Kim, M. and Ritter, J.R.: Valuing IPOs. emph{J FINAN ECON}, {bf 53} 409--437 (1999)

bibitem{lea10}

Leary, M.T. and Roberts, M.R.: Do peer firms affect corporate financial policy? emph{Unpublished Manuscript} (2010)

bibitem{lie02}

Lie, E. and Lie, H.J.: Multiples used to estimate corporate value. emph{FINANC ANAL J}, {bf 58} 44--54 (2002)

bibitem{liu02}

Liu, J., Nissim, D. and Thomas, J.: Equity valuation using multiples. emph{J ACC RES}, {bf 40} 135--172 (2002)

bibitem{lud98}

Ludbrook, J. and Dudley, H.: Why permutation tests are superior to t and F tests in biomedical research. emph{AM STAT}, {bf 52} 127--132 (1998)

bibitem{mac05}

MacKay, P. and Phillips, G.M.: How does industry affect firm financial structure? emph{REV FINANC STUD}, {bf 18} 1431--1466 (2005)

bibitem{mar02}

Marozzi, M.: Some notes on nonparametric inferences and permutation tests. emph{METRON}, {bf 60} 141--153 (2002)

bibitem{mar04}

Marozzi, M.: Some remarks about the number of permutations one should consider to perform a permutation test. emph{STATISTICA}, {bf 64} 193--201 (2004)

bibitem{mar04a}

Marozzi, M.: A bi-aspect nonparametric test for the two-sample location problem. emph{COMPUT STAT DATA AN}, {bf 44} 639--648 (2004a)

bibitem{mar04b}

Marozzi, M.: A bi-aspect nonparametric test for the multi-sample location problem. emph{COMPUT STAT DATA AN}, {bf 46} 81--92 (2004b)

bibitem{mar07}

Marozzi, M.: Multivariate tri-aspect non-parametric testing. emph{J NONPARAMETR STAT}, {bf 19} 269--282 (2007)

bibitem{mar09}

Marozzi, M.: A composite indicator dimension reduction procedure with application to university student satisfaction. emph{STAT NEERL}, {bf 63} 258--268 (2009)

bibitem{mec68}

Mecimore, C.D.: Some empirical distributions of financial ratios. emph{MANAG ACCOUNT USA}, {bf 50} 13--16 (1968)

bibitem{nis01}

Nissim, D. and Penman, S.H.: Ratio analysis and equity valuation: from research to practice. emph{REV ACC STUD}, {bf 6} 109--154 (2001)

bibitem{oco73}

O'Connor, M.C.: On the usefulness of financial ratios to investors in common stock. emph{ACCOUNT REV}, {bf 48} 339--352 (1968)

bibitem{pes10}

Pesarin, F. and Salmaso, L.: emph{Permutation tests for complex data}, Wiley, Chichester (2010)

bibitem{ray08}

Raya, D.E.A.: Concentration ratios, financial leverage and profitability: the case of selected Philippine corporations. emph{PHILIPPINE MANAGE REV}, {bf 15} 100--118 (2008)

bibitem{ric78}

Ricketts, D. and Stover, R.: An examination of commercial bank financial ratios. emph{J BANK RES}, {bf 9} 121--124 (1978)

bibitem{roy91}

Royer, J.S.: A comparative financial ratio analysis of U.S. farmer cooperatives using nonparametric statistics. emph{J AGR COOPERATION}, {bf 6} 22--44 (1991)


Full Text: pdf


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.