The Revolutionary Character of the 'Arab Revolutions' and How they Could Be Studied

Abstract

Abdelrahman M. (2014), Egypt’s Long Revolution: Protest Movements and Uprisings, New York: Routledge.

Abrams B. (2019), “A Fifth Generation of Revolutionary Theory is Yet to Come”, Journal of Historical Sociology, 32(3): 378–386.

Achcar G. (2013), The People Want: A Radical Explanation of the Arab uprisings, London: Saqi Books.

Achcar G. (2016), Morbid Symptoms: Relapse in the Arab Uprising, London: Saqi Books.

Alexander A. (2021), Revolution is the Choice of the People, London: Bookmarks.

Allinson J. (2015), “Class Forces, Transition and the Arab Uprisings: A Comparison of Tunisia, Egypt and Syria”, Democratization, 22(2): 294–314.

Allinson J. (2019a), “Counter-Revolution as International Phenomenon: The Case of Egypt”, Review of International Studies, 45(2): 320–344.

Allinson J. (2019b), “A Fifth Generation of Revolution Theory?”, Journal of Historical Sociology, 32(1): 142–151.

Anievas A. (2015), “Revolutions and international relations: Rediscovering the classical bourgeois revolutions”, European Journal of International Relations, 21(4): 841–866.

Barker C. (1987), Revolutionary Rehearsals, Chicago: Haymarket Books.

Bayat A. (2017), Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring, Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Beck C. (2018), “The Structure of Comparison in the Study of Revolution”, Sociological Theory, 36(2): 134–161.

Beinin J. (2013), “Was There A January 25 Revolution?”, Available at: www.jadaliyya.com/Details/27899, accessed 16 March, 2021.

Beinin J. (2016), Workers and Thieves: Labor Movements and Popular Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Beissinger M. (2013), “The Semblance of Democratic Revolution: Coalitions in Ukraine’s Orange Revolution”, American Political Science Review, 107(3): 574–592.

Beissinger M., A. Jamal, and K. Mazur (2015), “Explaining Divergent Revolutionary Coalitions: Regime Strategies and the Structuring of Participation in the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions”, Comparative Politics, 48(1): 1–24.

Benjamin W. (2003) [1940], “On the Concept of History”, in Selected Writings, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bennani-Chraïbi M. (2017), “Beyond Structure and Contingency: Toward an Interactionist and Sequential Approach to the 2011 Uprising”, Middle East Critique, 26(4): 373–395.

Berriane Y., M. Duboc (2019), “Allying beyond social divides: An introduction to contentious politics and coalitions in the Middle East and North Africa”, Mediterranean Politics, 24(4): 399–419.

Brinton C. (1965) [1938], The Anatomy of Revolution, New York: Vintage.

Brownlee J., T. Masoud, and A. Reynolds (2015), The Arab Spring, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Chalcraft J. (2016), Popular Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Choonara J. (2020), “A New Cycle of Revolt”, International Socialism, 165(Winter): 21–36.

Clark J. A. (2010), “Threats, Structures, and Resources: Cross-Ideological Coalition Building in Jordan”, Comparative Politics, 43(1): 101–120.

Davidson N. (2012), How Revolutionary Were the Bourgeois Revolutions?, Chicago: Haymarket Books.

De Smet B. (2016), Gramsci on Tahrir: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Egypt, London: Pluto Press.

Del Panta G. (2020), “Cross-Class and Cross-Ideological Convergences over Time: Insights from the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutionary Uprisings”, Government and Opposition, 55(4): 634–652.

Dix R. (1984), “Why Revolutions Succeed & Fail”, Polity, 16(3): 423–446.

Draper H. (1978), Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, vol. 2, The Politics of Social Classes, New York: Monthly Review Press.

Durac V. (2015), “Social Movements, Protest Movements and Cross-Ideological Coalitions – the Arab Uprisings Re-Appraised”, Democratization, 22(2): 239–258.

Elster J. (1989), Solomonic Judgments, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Foran J. (2005), Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gerges F. (2016), ISIS: A History, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Goldstone J. A. (1980), “Theories of Revolution: The Third Generation”, World Politics, 32(3): 425–453.

Goldstone J. A. (1991), Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World, Berkley: University of California Press.

Goldstone J. A. (2011), “Cross-Class Coalitions and the Making of the Arab Revolts of 2011”, Swiss Political Science Review, 17(4): 457–462.

Goodwin J. (2001), No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gurr T. R. (1970), Why Men Rebel, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Hall P. (2003), “Aligning Ontology and Methodology”, in J. Mahoney, D. Rueschemeyer (eds.), Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hanieh A. (2013), Lineages of Revolt: Issues of Contemporary Capitalism in the Middle East, Chicago: Haymarket Books.

Haugbølle S., A. Bandak (2017), “The Ends of Revolution: Rethinking Ideology and Time in the Arab Uprisings”, Middle East Critique, 26(3): 191–204.

Hearn J., A. Dallal (2019), “The ‘NGOisation’ of the Syrian Revolution”, International Socialism, 164(Autumn): 91–112.

Heydemann S. (2018), “Civil War, Economic Governance & State Reconstruction in the Arab Middle East”, Dædalus, 147(1): 48–63.

Hobsbawm E. (1965), “Introduction”, in K. Marx, The Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations, New York: International Publishers.

Huntington S. (1968), Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Ketchley N. (2017), Egypt: In a Time of Revolution: Contentious Politics and the Arab Spring, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kuran T. (1995), Private Truths, Public Lies: The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Kurzman C. (2004), “Can Understanding Undermine Explanation? The Confused Experience of Revolution”, Philosophy of Social Sciences, 34(3): 328–351.

Lawson G. (2005), Negotiated Revolutions: The Czech Republic, South Africa, and Chile, London: Ashgate.

Lawson G. (2019), Anatomies of Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Löwi M. (2019), La révolution est le frein d’urgence. Essais sur Walter Benjamin, Paris: Éditions de l’éclat.

Lukács G. (1971) [1923], History and Class Consciousness, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Nepstad S. (2011), Nonviolent Revolution, New York: Oxford University Press.

Nepstad S. (2013), “Mutiny and Nonviolence in the Arab Spring: Exploring Military Defections and Loyalty in Egypt, Bahrain, and Syria”, Journal of Peace Research, 50(3): 337–349.

Parsa M. (2000), States, Ideologies, and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of Iran, Nicaragua, and the Philippines, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Pearlman W. (2013), “Emotions and the Microfoundations of the Arab Uprisings”, Perspectives on Politics, 11(2): 387–409.

Pettee G. S. (1938), The Process of Revolution, New York: Harper & Row.

Pierson P. (2004), Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Ritter D. (2015), The Iron Cage of Liberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Rivetti P., Cavatorta F. (2021), “Revolution and Counter-Revolution in the Middle East and North Africa. Global Politics, Protesting and Knowledge Production in the Region and Beyond”, Partecipazione e conflitto, 14(2): 511-529.

Roberts H. (2013), “The Revolution that Wasn’t”, London Review of Books, 35(17): 3–9.

Sewell W. H. (1996), “Historical Events as Transformations of Structures: Inventing Revolution at the Bastille”, Theory and Society, 25(6): 841–881.

Skocpol T. (1979), States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sohrabi N. (1995), “Historicizing Revolutions: Constitutional Revolutions in the Ottoman Empire, Iran, and Russia, 1905–1908”, American Journal of Sociology, 100(6): 1383–1447.

Teti A., G. Gervasio (2011), “The Unbearable Lightness of Authoritarianism: Lessons from the Arab Uprisings”, Mediterranean Politics, 16(2): 321–327.

Thomassen B. (2012), “Notes Towards an Anthropology of Political Revolution”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 54(3): 679–706.

Tilly C. (1978), From Mobilization to Revolution, Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley.

Tilly C. (1995), “To Explain Political Processes”, American Journal of Sociology, 100(6): 1594–1610.

Trotsky L. (2017) [1932], History of the Russian Revolution, London: Penguin Books.

Valenzuela J. S. (1989), “Labor Movement in Transitions to Democracy: A Framework for Analysis”, Comparative Politics, 21(4): 445–472.

Volpi F. (2017), Revolutions and Authoritarianism in North Africa, London: Hurst & Company.

Volpi F. (2020), “Algeria: When Elections Hurt Democracy”, Journal of Democracy, 31(2): 152–165.

Volpi F., J. A. Clark (2019), “Activism in the Middle East and North Africa in Times of Upheaval: Social Networks’ Actions and Interactions”, Social Movement Studies, 18(1): 1–16.

Weyland K. (2012), “The Arab Spring: Why the Surprising Similarities with the Revolutionary Wave of 1848?”, Perspectives on Politics, 10(4): 917–934.

Wolf A. (2017), Political Islam in Tunisia: The History of Ennahda, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wolf E. R. (1969), Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century, New York: Harper Colophon.

Zemni S. (2015), “The Extraordinary Politics of the Tunisian Revolution: The Process of Constitution Making”, Mediterranean Politics, 20(1): 1–17.