Autonomy, Degrowth and Prefigurative Politics: Voices of Solidarity Economy Activists amid Economic Crisis in Greece


Abstract


Drawing upon in-depth interviews with key informants of grassroots alternative organisations in anti-austerity Greece, the study sheds light on the structures of meanings of invisible voices, revealing the motives, worldviews and value-systems that lay behind their actions. Using critical discourse analysis, the text offers a thorough understanding of the meaning and experience of building social and economic experiments with transformative potential within the solidarity economy alternative, in the context of the Greek economic crisis. The narratives of solidarity economy informants reveal militant investigations, ro-mantic humanism, egalitarian goals and an ethos of collectivism that call into question the prevalent capi-talist imaginary. Participants employ utopian thinking, imagining a future that departs significantly from what we know. They call on us to re-assess hegemonic values and norms in the light of alternative realities which embody forms of workers' cooperativism, participatory actions and ways of being, which prefigure the future vision of another form of social life.

DOI Code: 10.1285/i20356609v11i1p95

Keywords: autonomy; collectivity; crisis; degrowth; prefigurative politics; self-organisation; self-valorisation; solidarity economy

References


Adam S. C. Papatheodorou (2016), “Dismantling the Feeble Social Protection System of Greece: Consequences of the Crisis and Austerity Measures”, in K. Schubert, P. de Villota, and J. Kuhlmann (eds.), Challenges to European Welfare Systems, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 271-300.

Allard J., C. Davidson, and J. Matthaei (eds. 2008), Solidarity Economy: Building Alternatives for People and Planet, Chicago: ChangeMaker Publication.

Amin A. (ed. 2013), The Social Economy: International Perspectives on Economic Solidarity, London: Zed Books.

Appadurai A. (2006) [2001], “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy”, in M. G. Durham and D. M. Kellner (eds.), Media and Cultural Studies: Key Works, pp. 584-603.

Asara V., E. Profumi, and G. Kallis (2013), “Degrowth, Democracy and Autonomy”, Environmental Values, 22: 217-239.

Atzeni M. P. Ghigliani Pablo (2007), “Labour Process and Decision-making in Factories under Workers’ Self-management: Empirical Evidence from Argentina”, Work, Employment and Society, 21(4): 653–671.

Bauhardt C. (2014), “Solutions to the Crisis? The Green New Deal, Degrowth, and the Solidarity Economy: Alternatives to the Capitalist Growth Economy from an Ecofeminist Economics Perspective”, Ecological Economics, 102: 60-68.

Böhm S., A. Diverstein, and A. Spicer (2010), “(Im)possibilities of Autonomy: Social Movements in and beyond Capital, the State and Development”, Social Movement Studies, 9 (1): 17-32.

Bonefeld W., R. Gunn, and K. Psychopedis (eds. 1992), Open Marxism, vol. 1: Dialectics and History, London: Pluto Press.

Bonefeld W., R. Gunn, J. Holloway, and K. Psychopedis (eds.) (1995) Open Marxism, vol. 3: Dialectics and History, London: Pluto Press.

Caffentzis G., S. Federici (2014), “Commons Against and Beyond Capitalism”, Community Development Journal, 49 (1): i92–i105.

Castoriadis C. (2010), A Society Adrift. Interviews and Debates 1974-1997, New York: Fordham University Press.

Castoriadis C. (1992), “Power, Politics, Autonomy” in A. Honneth, T. M. Carthy, C. Offe, and A. Wellmer (eds.), Cultural-Political Interventions in the Unfinished Project of Enlightenment, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 269-298.

Cleaver H. (1992), “The Inversion of Class Perspective in Marxian Theory: From Valorization to Self-valorazation”, in W. Bonefeld et al (eds.) Open Marxism, Vol. II, London: Pluto, pp. 106-144.

Cleaver H. (1993), “Kropotkin, Self-valorization and The Crisis Of Marxism”, in T. Cahill (ed.), Anarchist Studies, Lancaster: Lancaster University, pp. 1-15.

Coté M. (2003), “The Italian Foucault: Subjectivity, Valorization, Autonomia”, Politics and Culture 3.

Dacheux E., D.Goujon (2011), “The Solidarity Economy: An Alternative Development Strategy?”, International Social Science Journal , 62 (203-204): 205–215.

De Angelis M. (2013), The Common, Enclosures and Crisis, Salonica: Ekdoseis ton Ksenon (in Greek).

Della Porta D. (2014), “In Depth-Interviews”, in D. della Porta (ed.), Methodological Practices in Social Movement Research, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 228-261.

Escobar A. (1992), “Imagining a Post-development Era: Critical Thought, Development and Social Movements”, Social Text, 31/32: 20-56.

Flora C. B., C. Bregendahl (2012), “Collaborative Community Supported Agriculture: Balancing Community Capitals for Producers and Consumers”, International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 19(3): 329-346.

Fairclough N. (2006), “Critical Discourse Analysis”, in P. Gee, and M. Handford (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Critical Analysis, pp. 9-20.

Schneider F., G. Kallis, and J. Martinez-Alier (2010), “Crisis or Opportunity? Economic Degrowth for Social Equity and Ecological Sustainability. Introduction to this Special Issue”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 18: 511-518.

Fournier V. (2008), “Escaping from the Economy: The Politics of Degrowth”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 28 (11/12): 528-545.

Harvey D. (2013) [2012], Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to Urban Revolution, London-New York: Verso.

Holloway, J. (2009), “Negative and Positive Autonomism. Or Why Adorno? Part 2”, in J. Holloway, P. F. Matamorros, and S. Tischler (eds.), Negativity and Revolution: Adorno and Political Activism, London: Pluto, pp. 95-100.

Illich I. (1977), Le Chômage Créteur, Paris: LeSeuil.

Kallis G. (2011), “In Defence of Degrowth”, Ecological Economics, 70: 873-880.

Karamesini M., S. Giakoumatos (2016), “The Middle Class in the Greek Great Depression: Dissolution or Resilience?”, in D. Vaughan-Whitehead (ed.), Europe's Disappearing Middle Class?: Evidence from the World of Work, Edward Elgar, Geneva, pp. 244-278.

Kokkinakis G. (2015), “Post-capitalist Imaginaries: The Case of Workers’ Collectives in Greece”, Journal of Management Inquiry, 24 (4): 429-432.

Kousis M., (2017), “Alternative Forms of Resilience Confronting Hard Economic Times: A South European Perspective”, Partecipazione e Conflitto, 10 (1): 119-135.

Kousis M., M. Paschou (2017), “Alternative Forms of Resilience: A Typology of Approaches for the Study of Citizen Collective Responses in Hard Economic times”, PArtecipazione e COnflitto, 10(1): 136-168.

Laclau E., C. Mouffe (1985), Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, London: Verso.

Lang K.B. (2010), “The Changing Face of Community Supported Agriculture”, Culture and Agriculture, 32: 17-26.

Laville J.L. (2014), “The Social and Solidarity Economy: A Theoretical and Plural Framework”, in J. Defourny, L. Hulgard, and V. Restoff (eds.), Social Enterprise and the Third Sector: Changing European Landscapes in a Comparative Perspective, London and New York, Routledge, pp. 102-113.

Latouche S. (2012), “Can the Left Escape Economism?”, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 23(1): 74-78.

Maeckebergh M. (2009), The Will of the Many: How the Alterglobalization Movement is Changing the Face of Democracy, London: Pluto Press.

Melucci, A. (1996), Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Miller, E. (2010), “Solidarity Economy: Key Concepts and Issues” in E. Kawano, T. Masterson, and J. Teller-Ellsberg (eds.), Solidarity Economy I: Building Alternatives for People and Planet, Amherst, Mass: Center for Popular Economics, pp. 25-42.

Moulaert F., O. Ailenei (2005), “Social Economy, Third Sector and Solidarity Relations: A Conceptual Synthesis from History to Present”, Urban Studies , 42 (11): 2037–2053.

Müller M. O, A. Stämpfli, U. Dold, and T. Hammer (2011), “Energy Autarky: A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Regional Development”, Energy Policy, 39: 5800–5810.

Nasioulas I. (2012), “Social Cooperatives in Greece. Introducing New Forms of Social Economy and Entrepreneurship”, International Review of Social Research, 2 (2): 141-161.

Negri A. (1991), Marx beyond Marx: Lessons of the Grundrisse, New York: Autonomedia.

North P. (2006), Alternative Currency Movements as a Challenge to Globalization: A case-study of Manchester’s Local Currency Networks, London: Ashgate.

Pickerill J., P. Chatteron (2006), “Notes towards Autonomy Geographies: Creation, Resistance, and Self-management as Survival Tactics”, Progress in Human Geography, 30 (6): 730-746.

Papadaki M., S. Kalogeraki (2017), “Social Support Actions as Forms of Building Community Resilience at the Onset of the Crisis in Urban Greece: The Case of Chania”, Partecipazione e Conflitto, 10 (1): 193-220.

Papatheodorou C. (2015), “Economic Crisis, Poverty and Deprivation in Greece”, in S. Mavroudeas (ed.), Greek Capitalism in Crisis: Marxist Analyses, London-New York: Routledge, pp. 179- 195.

Pautz H., M. Kominou (2013), “Reacting to ‘Austerity Politics’: The Tactic of Collective Expropriation in Greece”, Social Movement Studies, 12 (1): 103–110.

Petropoulou C. (2013), "Alternative Networks of Collectivities and Solidarity-Cooperative Economy in Greek Cities: Exploring their Theoretical Origins”, Journal of Regional and Socio-Economic Issues, 3(2): 61-85.

Rakopoulos T. (2014a), “The Crisis Seen from Below, Within and Against: From Solidarity Economy to Food Distribution Cooperatives in Greece”, Dialect Anthropology, 38: 189-207.

Rakopoulos T. (2014b), “Resonance of Solidarity: Meanings of a Local Concept in Anti-austerity Greece”, Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 32(2): 313-337.

Shukaitis S., D. Graeber (2007), “Introduction”, in S. Shukaitis and D. Graeber (eds.), Militant Investigations-Collective Theorizations, Oakland: AK Press, pp. 11-34.

Sotirakopoulos N.,G. Sotiropoulos (2013), “‘Direct Democracy Now!’: The Greek Indignados and the Present Cycle of Struggles, Current Sociology, 61(4): 443–456.

Sotiropoulos D., D. Bourikos (2014), “Economic Crisis, Social Solidarity and the Voluntary Sector in Greece”, Journal of Power, Politics and Governance, 2 (2): 33-53.

Thompson C., C. Coskuner-Bali (2007), “Enchanting Ethical Consumerism: The Case of Community Supported Agriculture”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(3): 275-303.

Trott C. (2016), “Constructing Alternatives: Envisioning a Critical Psychology of Prefigurative Politics”, Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 4(1): 266–285

Yates L. (2015), “Rethinking Prefiguration: Alternatives, Micropolitics and Goals in Social Movements, Social Movements Studies, 14 (1): 1-21.

Verney S. (2015), “Waking the ‘Sleeping Giant’ or Expressing Domestic Dissent? Mainstreaming Euroscepticism in Crisis-stricken Greece”, International Political Science Review, 36 (3): 279-295.

Wodak R. (2007), “Pragmatics and Critical Discourse Analysis. A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry”, Pragmatics and Cognition, 15 (1): 203–225.

Wodak R., M. Meyer (2009) [2001], “Critical Discourse Analysis: History, Agenda, Theory, and Methodology”, in R. Wodak and M. Meyer (eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, Los Angeles, London: Sage, pp. 1-32.

Zaimakis Y. (2016), “Youth Precariat Worlds and Protest Graffiti in the Dystopia of the Greek Economic Crisis: A Cross-disciplinary Perspective”, Punctum, 2 (2): 66-84.


Full Text: PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.