Exploring Italian university students’ self-directed exposure to English input in informal settings. Insights into motivation and agency


Abstract


Exposure to comprehensible input is essential for second language (L2) acquisition. In our globally interconnected era, technological advancements offer ample opportunities for accessing English. Understanding how Italian university students navigate this landscape is important, particularly considering the challenges they encounter in achieving English proficiency. In this study, we explored the reasons for university students’ self-directed exposure to English input during their leisure time. Using the self-determination theory (SDT) framework, we conducted and analysed 21 semi-structured interviews with students at a medium-sized university in northern Italy, and conducted a thematic analysis to classify their motivations as intrinsic or extrinsic. A custom scale was also developed to assess the elaborateness of their expressions of agency. Our analysis revealed the presence of both intrinsic (e.g. immersion, entertainment, and personal interests) and extrinsic (e.g. improving English proficiency) motivations, together with elaborate expressions of agency being linked to specific behaviours, particularly when accessing English to enhance language skills. The results suggest that university students can capitalise on the abundant input that is available via technological resources by leveraging their motivation and agency.

Keywords: Self-directed informal contact with English; L2 English input; intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation; agency

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