Human Resources Practices Management and Job Satisfaction: the Moderating Role of Seeking Challenges. A Longitudinal Study Through PLS-SEM


Abstract


The current labour market needs sustainable organisations in human, technological and environmental terms. The rapid transformations that take place on a daily basis, and the constant search for personnel with transversal competences, lead to a rethinking of the resources needed for the development of organisations and organizational well-being. The objective of this research is to analyse the impact of Human Resources Management practices on job satisfaction and on the moderator role of proactive seeking challenges skills on this relationship. The study was carried out on 152 subjects, about 60% female and 40% male, with prevalent age in the class between 35 and 50 years. The results obtained by means of non-parametric Structural Equation Models (PLS-SEM) indicate that Human Resources practices showed a positive relationship with proactive challenge seeking behaviour (job crafting)
and job satisfaction at Time 2. The estimates were validated by bootstrap resampling performed through 1000 resubmissions. In addition, the study highlights the moderating role of seeking challenges in the relationship between Human Resources Management practices and job satisfaction. The evidence provide important reflection, as it leads to rethinking strategically the adoption of appropriate practices to manage the workforce, ensuring personal growth and quality of organizational life and well-being.




DOI Code: 10.1285/i20705948v16n1p25

Keywords: HRM practices; job crafting; seeking challenges; job satisfaction; PLS-SEM; longitudinal; moderation

References


Al Kurdi, B., Elrehail, H., Alzoubi, H., Alshurideh, M., and Al-Adaila, R. (2021). The interplay among hrm practices, job satisfaction and intention to leave: An empirical investigation. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory, 24(1):1–14.

Al-Swidi, A. K., Gelaidan, H. M., and Saleh, R. M. (2021). The joint impact of green human resource management, leadership and organizational culture on employees’ green behaviour and organisational environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner

Production, 316:128112.

Alkhazali, Z., Abu-Rumman, A., Khdour, N., and Al-Daoud, K. (2020). Empowerment, hrm practices and organizational performance: a case study of jordanian commercial banks. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(4):2991.

Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, P., and Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Manufacturing advantage: Why high-performance work systems pay off. Cornell University Press.

Argentero, P. and Cortese, C. G. (2016). Psicologia del lavoro. Raffaello Cortina Editore.

Bakker, A. B. and Demerouti, E. (2014). Job demands–resources theory. Wellbeing: A complete reference guide, pages 1–28.

Bakker, A. B. and Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: taking stock and looking forward. Journal of occupational health psychology, 22(3):273.

Bakker, A. B., Hakanen, J. J., Demerouti, E., and Xanthopoulou, D. (2007). Job resources boost work engagement, particularly when job demands are high. Journal of educational psychology, 99(2):274.

Bentler, P. M. and Huang, W. (2014). On components, latent variables, pls and simple methods: Reactions to rigdon’s rethinking of pls. Long range planning, 47(3):138–145.

Blau, P. M. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge.

Boon, C., Hartog, D. N. D., and Lepak, D. P. (2019). A systematic review of human resource management systems and their measurement. Journal of Management, 45(6):2498–2537.

Borgogni, L., Dello Russo, S., Petitta, L., and Vecchione, M. (2010). Predicting job satisfaction and job performance in a privatized organization. International Public Management Journal, 13(3):275–296.

Bouranta, N., Psomas, E., Su´arez-Barraza, M. F., and Jaca, C. (2019). The key factors of total quality management in the service sector: a cross-cultural study. Benchmarking: An International Journal.

Chatzopoulou, E.-C., Manolopoulos, D., and Agapitou, V. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and employee outcomes: Interrelations of external and internal orientations with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Journal of Business Ethics, 179(3):795–817.

Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Ramayah, T., Memon, M. A., Cham, T.-H., and Ciavolino, E. (2019). A comparison of five reflective–formative estimation approaches: reconsideration and recommendations for tourism research. Quality & Quantity, 53(3):1421–1458.

Ciavolino, E., Aria, M., Cheah, J.-H., and Roldan, J. L. (2022a). A tale of pls structural equation modelling: episode i—a bibliometrix citation analysis. Social Indicators Research, 164(3):1323–1348.

Ciavolino, E., Ferrante, L., Sternativo, G. A., Cheah, J.-H., Rollo, S., Marinaci, T., and Venuleo, C. (2022b). A confirmatory composite analysis for the italian validation of the interactions anxiousness scale: a higher-order version. Behaviormetrika, 49(1):23–46.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis jbr the behavioral. Sciences. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pages 18–74.

Connolly, J. J. and Viswesvaran, C. (2000). The role of affectivity in job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Personality and individual differences, 29(2):265–281.

Cook, D. S. and Ferris, G. R. (1986). Strategic human resource management and firm effectiveness in industries experiencing decline. Human Resource Management, 25(3):441–457.

Corallo, A., Errico, F., Latino, M. E., and Menegoli, M. (2019a). Dynamic business models: a proposed framework to overcome the death valley. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 10:1248–1271.

Corallo, A., Latino, M. E., Menegoli, M., De Devitiis, B., and Viscecchia, R. (2019b). Human factor in food label design to support consumer healthcare and safety: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 11(15):4019.

Croon, M. A., Van Veldhoven, M., Peccei, R., and Wood, S. J. (2015). Researching individual well-being and performance in context. Well-being and performance at work: The role of context, pages 129–154.

Davidescu, A. A., Apostu, S.-A., Paul, A., and Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among romanian employees—implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability, 12(15):6086.

Demerouti, E. and Bakker, A. B. (2011). The job demands-resources model: Challenges for future research. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 37(2):01–09.

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., and Gevers, J. M. (2015). Job crafting and extra-role behavior: The role of work engagement and flourishing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91:87–96.

Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., and Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied psychology, 86(3):499.

Demir, S. (2018). The relationship between psychological capital and stress, anxiety, burnout, job satisfaction, and job involvement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 75:137–153.

Dhamija, P., Gupta, S., and Bag, S. (2019). Measuring of job satisfaction: the use of quality of work life factors. Benchmarking: An International Journal.

Di Fabio, A. (2017). Positive healthy organizations: Promoting well-being, meaningfulness, and sustainability in organizations. Frontiers in psychology, 8:1938.

Diener, E. and Seligman, M. E. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of wellbeing. Psychological science in the public interest, 5(1):1–31.

Dou, K., Chen, Y., Lu, J., Li, J., and Wang, Y. (2019). Why and when does job satisfaction promote unethical pro-organizational behaviours? testing a moderated mediation model. International Journal of Psychology, 54(6):766–774.

Drakopoulos, S. A. and Grimani, K. (2013). Injury-related absenteeism and job satisfaction: Insights from greek and uk data. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(18):3496–3511.

Dyer, L. (1983). Bringing human resources into the strategy formulation process. Human Resource Management (pre-1986), 22(3):257.

Evans, J. R. (2002). Total quality management. Infor, 40(4):364.

Fornell, C. (1985). A second generation of multivariate analysis: Classification of methods and implications for marketing research.

Fornell, C. and Bookstein, F. L. (1982). Two structural equation models: Lisrel and pls applied to consumer exit-voice theory. Journal of Marketing research, 19(4):440–452.

Ganzach, Y. (2003). Intelligence, education, and facets of job satisfaction. Work and Occupations, 30(1):97–122.

George, D. and Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.

Guan, X. and Frenkel, S. (2018). How hr practice, work engagement and job crafting influence employee performance. Chinese Management Studies.

Guest, D. (2002). Human resource management, corporate performance and employee wellbeing: Building the worker into hrm. The journal of industrial relations, 44(3):335–358.

Guest, D. E. (2017). Human resource management and employee well-being: Towards a new analytic framework. Human resource management journal, 27(1):22–38.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., and Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis . uppersaddle river.

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., and Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of pls-sem. European business review.

Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.

Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., and Sarstedt, M. (2017a). Pls-sem or cb-sem: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2):107–123.

Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., and Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (pls-sem): An emerging tool in business research. European business review.

Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., and Gudergan, S. P. (2017b). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. saGe publications.

Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D. W., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., and Calantone, R. J. (2014).

Common beliefs and reality about pls: Comments on Ronkko and evermann (2013). Organizational research methods, 17(2):182–209.

Hitka, M., Schmidtova, J., LorincovA, S., Starchon, P., Weberova, D., and Kampf, R. (2021). Sustainability of human resource management processes through employee motivation and job satisfaction. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 18(2):7–26.

Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., and Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: a meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of applied psychology, 92(5):1332.

Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of management journal, 38(3):635–672.

Idoko, E. A., Okolie, J. I., and Nnubuogu, P. (2022). Effect of management by objectives (mbo) on the employee performance of union bank plc in enugu metropolis. Advance Journal of Management, Accounting and Finance, 7(11):1–18.

Ingusci, E., Callea, A., Chirumbolo, A., and Urbini, F. (2016). Job crafting and job satisfaction in a sample of italian teachers: the mediating role of perceived organizational support. Electronic Journal of Applied Statistical Analysis, 9(4):675–687.

Ingusci, E., Callea, A., Cortese, C. G., Zito, M., Borgogni, L., Cenciotti, R., Colombo, L., Signore, F., Ciavolino, E., Demerouti, E., et al. (2019). Self-efficacy and work performance: The role of job crafting in middle-age workers.

Ingusci, E., Signore, F., Giancaspro, M. L., Manuti, A., Molino, M., Russo, V., Zito, M., and Cortese, C. G. (2021). Workload, techno overload, and behavioral stress during covid-19 emergency: The role of job crafting in remote workers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:1141.

Jackson, S. E. and Schuler, R. S. (1985). A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in work settings. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 36(1):16–78.

Joseph F. Hair, J. and Sarstedt, M. (2019). Factors versus composites: Guidelines for choosing the right structural equation modeling method. Project Management Journal, 50(6):619–624.

Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach? The international journal of human resource management, 25(8):1069–1089.

Kuijpers, E., Kooij, D. T., and van Woerkom, M. (2020). Align your job with yourself: The relationship between a job crafting intervention and work engagement, and the role of workload. Journal of occupational health psychology, 25(1):1.

Kwantes, C. T. (2010). The facets of job satisfaction: A nine-nation comparative study of construct equivalence. Applied Multivariate Research, 13(2):145–159.

Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., and Barton, S. M. (2001). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers. The Social Science Journal, 38(2):233–250.

LePine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., and LePine, M. A. (2005). A meta-analytic test of the challenge stressor–hindrance stressor framework: An explanation for inconsistent relationships among stressors and performance. Academy of management journal, 48(5):764–775.

Lepold, A., Tanzer, N., Bregenzer, A., and Jim´enez, P. (2018). The efficient measurement of job satisfaction: Facet-items versus facet scales. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(7):1362.

Li, J., Yang, H., Weng, Q., and Zhu, L. (2021). How different forms of job crafting relate to job satisfaction: The role of person-job fit and age. Current Psychology, pages 1–15.

Lowe, G. (2020). Creating Healthly Organizations, Revised and Expanded Edition: Taking Action to Improve Employee Well-Being. University of Toronto Press.

Ma, X. and MacMillan, R. B. (1999). Influences of workplace conditions on teachers’ job satisfaction. The journal of educational research, 93(1):39–47.

Manuti, A., Giancaspro, M. L., Molino, M., Ingusci, E., Russo, V., Signore, F., Zito, M., and Cortese, C. G. (2020). “Everything will be fine”: A study on the relationship between employees’ perception of sustainable hrm practices and positive organizational behavior during covid19. Sustainability, 12(23):10216.

Mayo, E. (1933). The hawthorne experiment. western electric company. 2016). Classics of organization theory, pages 134–141.

Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., and Lam, J. (2013). Healthy work revisited: Do changes in time strain predict well-being? Journal of occupational health psychology, 18(2):157.

Nielsen, K. (2013). How can we make organizational interventions work? employees and line managers as actively crafting interventions. Human Relations, 66(8):1029–1050.

Ostroff, C. (1992). The relationship between satisfaction, attitudes, and performance: An organizational level analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 77(6):963.

Pace, F., Ingusci, E., Signore, F., and Sciotto, G. (2021). Human resources management practices perception and extra-role behaviors: The role of employability and learning at work. Sustainability, 13(16):8803.

Peccei, R. and Van De Voorde, K. (2019). Human resource management–well-being–performance research revisited: Past, present, and future. Human Resource Management Journal,

(4):539–563.

Pepe, A., Addimando, L., and Veronese, G. (2017). Measuring teacher job satisfaction: Assessing invariance in the teacher job satisfaction scale (tjss) across six countries. Europe’s journal of psychology, 13(3):396.

Petrescu, A. I. and Simmons, R. (2008). Human resource management practices and workers’ job satisfaction. International journal of manpower.

Piccitto, G. (2018). Soddisfazione lavorativa ed equilibrio casa-lavoro: un’analisi di genere. Stato e mercato, 38(3):461–498.

Podsakoff, N. P., LePine, J. A., and LePine, M. A. (2007). Differential challenge stressorhindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: a meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 92(2):438.

Ramsay, H., Scholarios, D., and Harley, B. (2000). Employees and high-performance work systems: Testing inside the black box. British Journal of industrial relations, 38(4):501–531.

Rashid, A., Bajwa, R. S., and Batool, I. (2016). Effect of emotional intelligence on job stress, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among bank employees. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 36(1).

Raziq, A. and Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23:717–725.

Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., and Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical

comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based sem. International Journal of research in Marketing, 26(4):332–344.

Rigdon, E. E. (2012). Rethinking partial least squares path modeling: In praise of simple methods. Long range planning, 45(5-6):341–358.

Rigdon, E. E. (2014). Structural equation modeling: nontraditional alternatives. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online, pages 1–12.

Roldan, J. L. and Sanchez-Franco, M. J. (2012). Variance-based structural equation modeling: Guidelines for using partial least squares in information systems research. In Research methodologies, innovations and philosophies in software systems engineering

and information systems, pages 193–221. IGI Global.

Sarstedt, M. and Cheah, J.-H. (2019). Partial least squares structural equation modeling using smartpls: a software review.

Seligman, M. E. and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction. In Flow and the foundations of positive psychology, pages 279–298. Springer.

Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., and Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in pls-sem: guidelines for using plspredict. European journal of marketing.

Signore, F., Cortese, C. G., Parisi, S., Russo, V., Zito, M., and Ingusci, E. (2020). Job crafting and well-being at work: an exploratory analysis during health emergency period. La Medicina del Lavoro, 111(6):478–492.

Snape, E. and Redman, T. (2010). Hrm practices, organizational citizenship behaviour, and performance: A multi-level analysis. Journal of management studies, 47(7):1219–24,1247.

Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the job satisfaction survey. American journal of community psychology, 13(6):693–713.

Strenitzerova, M. and Achimsky, K. (2019). Employee satisfaction and loyalty as a part of sustainable human resource management in postal sector. Sustainability, 11(17):4591.

Thurstone, L. L. (1928). Attitudes can be measured. American journal of Sociology, 33(4):529–554.

Tichy, N. M. and Barnett, C. K. (1985). Profiles in change: Revitalizing the automotive industry. Human Resource Management (pre-1986), 24(4):467.

Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., and Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of vocational behavior, 80(1):173–186.

Van De Voorde, K., Paauwe, J., and Van Veldhoven, M. (2012). Employee well-being and the hrm–organizational performance relationship: a review of quantitative studies. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(4):391–407.

Van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., and Derks, D. (2017). Fostering employee well-being via a job crafting intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100:164–174.

van Wingerden, J., Bakker, A. B., and Derks, D. (2017). The longitudinal impact of a job crafting intervention. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(1):107–119.

Villajos, E., Tordera, N., and Peiro, J. M. (2019a). Human resource practices, eudaimonic well-being, and creative performance: the mediating role of idiosyncratic deals for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability, 11(24):6933.

Villajos, E., Tordera, N., Peiro, J. M., and van Veldhoven, M. (2019b). Refinement and validation of a comprehensive scale for measuring hr practices aimed at performanceenhancement and employee-support. European Management Journal, 37(3):387–397.

Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation.

Walker, J. W. (1980). Human resource planning. McGraw-Hill College.

Warr, P., Cook, J., and Wall, T. (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well-being. Journal of occupational Psychology, 52(2):129–148.

Weber, M. A. (2019). Examining job crafting as a moderator of the relationship between job stress and counterproductive work behavior. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

Wrzesniewski, A. and Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of management review, 26(2):179–201.

Zito, M., Emanuel, F., Molino, M., Cortese, C. G., Ghislieri, C., and Colombo, L. (2018). Turnover intentions in a call center: The role of emotional dissonance, job resources, and job satisfaction. PloS one, 13(2):e0192126.


Full Text: pdf


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.