The words of history – Phraseology as a key to historical argument


Abstract


Abstract - Over the last twenty years, the interest in the disciplinary practices of history has been documented by a wide array of works. However, in spite of the inspiring nature of these rich accounts, only tangentially have scholars become interested in the inherently textual dimension of historical argumentation. In an attempt to bridge some of the gaps left by existing research, this paper calls for phraseology as a suitable candidate for the study of the argumentative peculiarities of historical prose. The qualitative and quantitative study of recurrent phraseology in a synchronic corpus of research articles from a set of specialised journals provides evidence that historians appear to be keenly observant of the practice of speculating about their own job in terms of either a successful quest for research answers or its potential dead ends. Moreover, data show that historians position themselves as disciplinary experts at a variety of levels, as they attempt to establish their credentials in the eyes of their intended readership: first, when they compare sources and thereby carve out a niche of expertise from their interpretation of them; secondly, when they proceed to singling out what they see as a key-moment in the historical processes under investigation; and finally, in the act of shaping their discourse from the viewpoint of an omniscient narrator.

Riassunto - Nel corso degli ultimi vent’anni, l’interesse per le pratiche disciplinari della storia è stato documentato da una vasta gamma di lavori. Tuttavia, a fronte del grande interesse suscitato da molti di essi, solo in parte gli studiosi si sono interessati alla dimensione più propriamente testuale dell’argomentazione storica. Nel tentativo di colmare parte delle lacune lasciate dalle ricerche condotte finora su questo aspetto, questo studio si focalizza sulla fraseologia quale candidato per lo studio delle peculiarità argomentative dalla prosa storica. Lo studio qualitativo e quantitativo della fraseologia più ricorrente identificata in un corpus di articoli di ricerca tratti da riviste specialistiche internazionali mostra la consuetudine dello storico di riflettere sul proprio lavoro di ricerca, soffermandosi sia sugli aspetti positivi che sulle criticità che lo caratterizzano. Inoltre, i dati mostrano che gli storici si pongano quali esperti della propria disciplina a più livelli, contestualmente all’atto di stabilire le proprie credenziali di fronte ai destinatari della loro scrittura: in primo luogo, quando essi confrontano le fonti e costruiscono la propria credibilità nell’atto di fornirne un’interpretazione; in secondo luogo, quando essi si sforzano di identificare i momenti chiave dei processi storici di loro interesse; ed infine, nel tentativo di modellare il proprio discorso dalla prospettiva di ‘narratori onniscienti’.


DOI Code: 10.1285/i22390359v12p147

Keywords: History; Argumentation; Phraseology; Corpus; Discourse

References


Ädel, A. and Reppen, R. 2008, The Challenges of Different Settings: An Overview, in Ädel, A. and Reppen, R. (eds.), Corpora and Discourse: The Challenges of Different Settings, Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp. 1-6.

Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. and Finegan, E. 1999, Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, Longman, London.

Bloch, M. 1949, Apologie pour l’histoire ou métier d’historien, Colin, Paris; trad. it. di Goutier, G. 1998, Apologia della storia, o Mestiere di storico, Einaudi, Torino.

Carrard, P. 1992, Poetics of the New History. French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Charles, M., Pecorari, D. and Hunston, S. (eds.) 2009, Academic Writing: At the Interface of Corpus and Discourse, Continuum, London.

Gabrielatos, C., McEnery, T., Diggle, P.J. and Baker, P. 2012, The Peaks and Troughs of Corpus-Based Contextual Analysis, in “International Journal of Corpus Linguistics” 37, pp. 151-175.

Ginzburg, C. 1991, Il giudice e lo storico Einaudi, Torino.

Ginzburg, C. 2000, Rapporti di forza. Storia, retorica, prova, Feltrinelli, Milano.

Groom, N. 2010, Closed-class Keywords and Corpus-driven Discourse Analysis, in Bondi, M. and Scott, M. (eds.), Keyness in Text, Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp. 59-78.

Hunston, S. 2008, Starting with the Small Words. Patterns, Lexis and Semantic Sequences, “International Journal of Corpus Linguistics” 13, pp. 271-295.

Malavasi, D. and Author 2010, History v. Marketing. Keywords as a Clue to Disciplinary Epistemology, in Bondi, M. and Scott, M. (eds.), Keyness in Text, Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp. 169-184.

Author 2012, “…such a reaction would spread all over the cell like a forest fire”: a Corpus Study of Argument by Analogy in Scientific Discourse, in Berkenkotter, C., Bhatia V. and Gotti, M. (eds.), Insights into Academic Genres, Peter Lang, Frankfurt/Bern/New York/Brussels, pp. 89-105.

Morley, J. and Partington, A. 2009, A Few Frequently Asked Questions about Semantic – or Evaluative – Prosody, in “International Journal of Corpus Linguistics” 14 [2], pp. 139-158.

Partington, A. 2010, Modern Diachronic Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (Md-Cads) on UK Newspapers: An Overview of the Project, in “Corpora” 5 [2], pp. 83-108.

Perelman, C. 1970, Le champ de l’argumentation, Presses Universitaires de Bruxelles, Bruxelles.

Prost, A. 1996, Histoire, vérités, méthodes. De structures argumentatives de l’histoire, in “Le débat” 92, pp.

-140.

Prost, A. 2002, Argumentation historique et argumentation judiciaire, in de Fornel, M and Passeron, J.-C. (eds.), L’argumentation. Preuve et persuasion, Editions de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, pp. 29-47.

Ricoeur, P. 2000, La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli, Seuil, Paris.

Schall-Leckrone, S. and McQuillan, P.J. 2012, Preparing History Teachers to Work with English Learners through a Focus on the Academic Language of Historical Analysis, in “Journal of English for Academic Purposes” 11, pp. 246-266.

Schleppegrell, M. J. and de Oliveira, L.C. 2006, An Integrated Language and Content Approach for History Teachers, in “Journal of English for Academic Purposes” 5, pp. 254–268.

Schulze, R. and Römer, U. 2008, Patterns, Meaningful Units and Specialized Discourses, in “International Journal of Corpus Linguistics” 13, pp. 265-270.

Scott, M. 2009, WordSmith Tools 5.0, Lexical Analysis Software, Liverpool.

Sinclair, J. 1998, The Lexical Item, in Weigand, E. (ed.), Contrastive Lexical Semantics, Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp. 1-24.

Sinclair, J. 2003. Reading Concordances. An introduction, Longman, London.

Sinclair, J. 2004. Trust the text. Language, corpus and discourse, Routledge, London/New York.

Swales, J. 2009, Afterword, in Charles, M., Pecorari, D. and Hunston, S. (eds.), Academic Writing. At the Interface of Corpus and Discourse, Continuum, London, pp. 291-294.

Thomas, Y. 1998, La vérité, le temps, le juge et l’historien, in “Le débat” 102, pp. 17-36.

Van Eemeren, F.H., Grootendorst, R. and Snoeck Henkemans, F. 1996, Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah.

Van Eemeren, F.H., Houtlosser, P. and Snoeck Henkemans, F. 2007, Argumentative Indicators in Discourse. A Pragma-Dialectical Study, Springer, Dordrecht.

Van Eemeren, F.H. 2010, Strategic Maneuvering in Argumentative Discourse, Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia.

White, H. 1973, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth Century Europe, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore; trad. it. di Vitulano, P. 1978, Retorica e storia, Guida, Napoli.


Full Text: pdf

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia License.